Introduction 1

This is a brief look at the japanese language, nothing special here. Japanese is a subject object verb language, meaning the subject comes first in a sentance, the object in the middle and the verb last.
猫は黒いです
(cat)(black)(is)
(subject)(object)(verb)


Verbs
Verbs are where most of the grammar takes place. Two very important "irregular verbs" are だ and it's polite form です. These are in fact shorthand for である and であります, which in itself really isn't a verb as the plain verb by itself is ある. Both ある and いる can be best translated as "is", いる is used for living things while ある is not.

Here, the verbs are written in dictionary form, or base 3 as I prefer to call it. To get which base it is written in, have a look at the first row of the hiragana/katakana table.
あいうえお
As the last wovel of the word is う, it is number 3 from the left.

Although that isn't quite enough, as there are 2 classes of verbs, yodan and ichidan. Ichidan verbs usually end in いる or える. Yes, that rule do apply even if the entire word is just いる.

To convert any base 3 yodan verb to any base, replace the final wovel with the wovel of the target base.
ある becomes あり in base 2.

Converting an ichidan verb is even easier, just don't write the final る.
いる becomes い in any base.

With that out of the way all that is left is to append the appropriate ending to the verb. For instance base 2 + ます makes the sentance polite, while base 2 + ました makes a polite verb in past tense.

Adjectives
Are largely what's to be expected. You place them in front of the noun you wish to modify.
高いつかえです
(high)(desk)(is)
(adjective)(noun)(verb)
There is no subject in this sentance, as the subject is in this case considered to be well understood beforehand.
This particular adjective is a descriptive verb, which end in い. Being a verb, it can also be used as one.
つかえ高い
Yes, all descriptive verbs are base 2 verbs when used as a verb. Thier use as a full verb is somewhat inhibited though.

Adjective nouns only serve as an adjective though, although they are based on a noun. All these ends with な.
面倒な自動車だ
(adjective)(noun)(verb)
(troublesome)(car)(is)
I wouldn't want to have that car :).

Nouns
They're nouns. Plain nouns.

Grammar notes 32

Lesson 32 deals mainly with feelings and desires, but for people that aint me. Also included is something along the lines of "it seems like". But first let's get the oddities sorted out.

Passive form of verbs can be used to show respect, the passive form of する is される. I have seen the pattern of a regular verb with a れ inserted to the left of the rightmost character, I beleive this is passive but I'm sure any rule is covered later.

度に(たびに) is another variation of when, but this variant is used for reoccurent events, like アレックは日本語を書く度に書き間違う, sad but true. As illustrated in the example this object is used directly after a verb in base 3.

The verb がる will transform a proceeding adjective (describing noun or verb) into a godan verb. The process of adding this is to remove the final い, and just tack it on in the correct form. 例えば飲みたいは飲みたがるになるや痛いは痛がるになる

"Seems like" is formed by attaching a structure at the end of a sentance.

• らしい goes after anything.

The following words can be descriped as nominalizers and nouns. They will therefore require a verb (probably ある/いる) placed afterwards. I'm not in a hurry to try でしょう though. They should be added after verbs in conjunctive form (base 2, ta or te), or base of desciptive verbs and nouns.

• よう Can be used after a verb to imply an imminent event.
  
• そう Gives the impression of more certainality, cannot be used in past.
  
• みたい That habit of writing 見たい? Get rid of it :)

A state of uncertainality can also be implied. I've been using these a lot without any real clue on thier meaning. Another usage is for sympthaty, 多岐川様はアレックの下手日本語読むのは難しいでしょう

• だろう plain
• でしょう polite
  

Kenny Lexさんのパンダ

瑞典に変な動物もいるようです上の絵はKenny Lexさん画いた瑞典の男のジャイアントパンダですKenny Lexさんは日本語話せないのでちょっと書き間違えたでも大丈夫ですねパンダは日本語に訳したら「僕は男のジャイアントパンダだ」と言うでしょう竹食べているもと思います

Grammar notes 31: Giving and recieving, politeness

Starting of, the pattern [noun A]になりましたら[sentance B] basically means after A happens, which is simular to my first estimation of if A occurs. There is in my opinion more logical to think of this as when A becomes true, B happens. This is just included for completeness of the chapter.

The main focus of chapter 31 was giving and recieving. When giving an arbitrary object there are 3 words to choose between, although I believe the top 2 will suffice.

• 差し上げる is used when giving objects upwards
• 上げる is used when giving objects on the same level
• やる is used when giving things down

分かっている分かっているよ猫餌やるよ

Although when I describe someone giving me an object, another set of verbs are used.

• 下さる is used when someone gives an object down to me
• 貰う　is used when the above does not apply

Yet another set of verbs are used when conveying the idea that I recieved an object from another person. This is to me very simular to the above set, but it can't help to have both for completeness.

• 頂く is used when I recieve from above
• くれる is used in the remainder

Another focus that was briefly touched was humble and honorific speech. There goes my excuse for not utilizing it.

• いっらっしゃる is the honorific equiviliant of ある/いる. It do appear to bend like the godan verb いっらっしゃう, if one such would exist.
• おく would be the humble equivilant. I know of no exceptions for this word yet.